Question 1

Cognitive Development

Accepted Answer

The process by which a child learns to reason, solve problems, and think consciously.

Question 2

Constructivism

Accepted Answer

The idea that learners construct knowledge for themselves, each learner individually (and socially) constructs meaning as they learn.

Question 3

Zone of Proximal Development

Accepted Answer

The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help.

Question 4

Differentiated Instruction

Accepted Answer

A teaching theory based on the premise that instructional approaches should vary and be adapted in relation to individual and diverse students.

Question 5

Multiple Intelligences

Accepted Answer

A theory by Howard Gardner that suggests there are at least eight different human intelligences that all individuals possess to some degree.

Question 6

Bloom's Taxonomy

Accepted Answer

A hierarchical model of cognitive skills, often depicted as a pyramid, which range from lower order to higher order thinking skills.

Question 7

Metacognition

Accepted Answer

Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes.

Question 8

Formative Assessment

Accepted Answer

An informal assessment by which the teacher adjusts instructional strategies in response to student understanding.

Question 9

Summative Assessment

Accepted Answer

An evaluation at the conclusion of a unit that compares student knowledge or skills against standards or benchmarks.

Question 10

Authentic Assessment

Accepted Answer

A form of assessment in which students demonstrate skills and competencies in real-life contexts.

Question 11

Scaffolding

Accepted Answer

Providing support to enhance learning and aid in the mastery of tasks.

Question 12

Intrinsic Motivation

Accepted Answer

When an individual is driven by internal rewards like satisfaction or enjoyment.

Question 13

Extrinsic Motivation

Accepted Answer

When an individual is driven by external rewards like grades or prizes.

Question 14

Self-Efficacy

Accepted Answer

An individual's belief in their own abilities to complete a task.

Question 15

Collaborative Learning

Accepted Answer

A situation in which two or more people learn or attempt to learn something together.

Question 16

Reflective Practice

Accepted Answer

The process of evaluating one's own teaching practice to improve effectiveness.

Question 17

Student-Centered Learning

Accepted Answer

An approach to learning where learners choose not only what to study but how and why that topic is of interest.

Question 18

Instructional Strategies

Accepted Answer

Techniques teachers use to help students become independent, strategic learners.

Question 19

Direct Instruction

Accepted Answer

A teaching model that involves explicit teaching and practice of a skill or concept.

Question 20

Inquiry-Based Learning

Accepted Answer

A teaching method that focuses on student investigation and hands-on learning.

Question 21

Learning Styles

Accepted Answer

The idea that different individuals have different ways of learning and absorbing information.

Question 22

English Language Learners (ELL)

Accepted Answer

Individuals who are learning English in addition to their native language.

Question 23

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

Accepted Answer

A legal document under U.S. law that is meant to ensure public schools provide students with identified disabilities individualized attention and support.

Question 24

Response to Intervention (RTI)

Accepted Answer

A method of academic intervention designed to provide early, systematic, and appropriately intensive assistance to children who are at risk for or already underperforming.

Question 25

Common Core State Standards

Accepted Answer

A set of academic standards in mathematics and English language arts/literacy.

Question 26

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

Accepted Answer

An educational framework that guides the design of learning goals, materials, methods, and assessments with the diversity of learners in mind.

Question 27

Adaptive Learning

Accepted Answer

An educational method which uses computers as interactive teaching devices, and to orchestrate the allocation of human and mediated resources according to the unique needs of each learner.

Question 28

Backward Design

Accepted Answer

A method of designing educational curriculum by setting goals before choosing instructional methods and forms of assessment.

Question 29

Flipped Classroom

Accepted Answer

A pedagogical model in which the typical lecture and homework elements of a course are reversed.

Question 30

Behaviorism

Accepted Answer

A theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.

Question 31

Project-Based Learning

Accepted Answer

A teaching method that involves students learning by actively engaging in real-world and personally meaningful projects.

Question 32

Pedagogy

Accepted Answer

The art, science, or profession of teaching, including the instructional methods employed.

Question 33

Social Emotional Learning (SEL)

Accepted Answer

The process of developing students' social and emotional skills, including empathy, self-awareness, and decision-making skills.

Question 34

Cultural Competence

Accepted Answer

The ability to understand, communicate with, and effectively interact with people across cultures.

Question 35

Multicultural Education

Accepted Answer

A field of study designed to increase educational equity for all students that incorporates perspectives and experiences of multiple cultures.

Question 36

Andragogy

Accepted Answer

The method and practice of teaching adult learners; adult education.

Question 37

504 Plan

Accepted Answer

A plan developed to ensure that a child who has a disability identified under the law receives accommodations that will ensure their academic success and access to the learning environment.

Question 38

Self-Determination Theory

Accepted Answer

A theory of motivation and personality that addresses three universal, innate and psychological needs: competence, autonomy, and psychological relatedness.

Question 39

Prior Knowledge

Accepted Answer

The knowledge the learner already has before they are taught new information or skills.

Question 40

Cooperative Learning

Accepted Answer

A teaching method where students work together to achieve a common goal.

Question 41

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

Accepted Answer

A Federal law that protects the privacy of student education records.

Question 42

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Accepted Answer

U.S. law that ensures services to children with disabilities throughout the nation.

Question 43

Academic Content Standards

Accepted Answer

Statements of what students are expected to know and be able to do at specific grade levels.

Question 44

Evidence-Based Practice

Accepted Answer

An instructional strategy, intervention, or teaching program that has been proven to be effective based on research.

Question 45

Essential Questions

Accepted Answer

Questions that are not answerable with finality in a brief sentence – their aim is to stimulate thought, to provoke inquiry, and to spark a desire for inquiry.

Question 46

Student Engagement

Accepted Answer

The degree of attention, curiosity, interest, optimism, and passion that students show when they are learning.

Question 47

Whole Child Approach

Accepted Answer

An effort to transition from a focus on narrowly defined academic achievement to one that promotes the long-term development and success of all children.

Question 48

Curriculum Mapping

Accepted Answer

A method to align instruction with desired goals and program outcome.

Question 49

Hidden Curriculum

Accepted Answer

The unofficial, often unintended lessons, values, and perspectives that students learn in school.

Question 50

Inclusion

Accepted Answer

An educational practice of educating children with disabilities in classrooms with children without disabilities.

Question 51

Professional Learning Communities (PLC)

Accepted Answer

Groups of educators who share and critically interrogate their practice in an ongoing, reflective, collaborative, inclusive, learning-oriented, growth-promoting way.

Question 52

Learning Theory

Accepted Answer

A set of principles that explains how we acquire knowledge and skills.

Question 53

Executive Function

Accepted Answer

Mental skills that include working memory, flexible thinking, and self-control.

Question 54

Experiential Learning

Accepted Answer

Learning through reflection on doing, which is often contrasted with rote or didactic learning.

Question 55

Decoding

Accepted Answer

The ability to apply your knowledge of letter-sound relationships, including knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly pronounce written words.

North Dakota Principles of Learning and Teaching