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This card set focuses on key concepts for the North Dakota Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators exam. The cards cover reading comprehension, writing, mathematics, and pedagogy. The set is designed to help candidates review and master essential educational terms and methodologies for successful test performance.
Flashcards in set (70)
TermPraxis Core Reading Comprehorsion
DefinitionA section of the Praxis Core test that assesses the test taker's ability to understand, interpret, and analyze a variety of text types.
TermBloom's Taxonomy
DefinitionA framework for categorizing educational objectives; includes remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating.
TermMetacognitive Strategies
DefinitionTechniques for understanding and controlling one's own cognitive processes, including planning, monitoring, and evaluating.
TermPhonemic Awareness
DefinitionThe understanding that spoken words are made up of individual sounds called phonemes.
TermAffixes
DefinitionMorphemes added at the beginning (prefix) or the end (suffix) of a root word to change its meaning.
TermConnotation vs. Denotation
DefinitionConnotation refers to the emotional implications and associations that a word may carry, whereas denotation is the literal or primary meaning of a word.
TermIndependent vs. Dependent Clauses
DefinitionAn independent clause can stand alone as a sentence, whereas a dependent clause cannot stand alone.
TermActive vs. Passive Voice
DefinitionActive voice indicates the subject is performing the action; passive voice indicates the action is being performed on the subject.
TermModifiers
DefinitionWords, phrases, or clauses that provide a description in sentences.
TermParallel Structure
DefinitionThe repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence.
TermSynonyms, Antonyms, and Homonyms
DefinitionSynonyms are words with the same or similar meanings, antonyms are words with opposite meanings, and homonyms are words that sound alike but have different meanings.
TermIdiomatic Expression
DefinitionA phrase or an expression that cannot be understood by literal translation.
TermInformational Texts
DefinitionNonfiction texts, such as textbooks, articles, and reports, that provide information.
TermPraxis Core Writing
DefinitionA section of the Praxis Core test that assesses the test taker's ability to effectively communicate in writing.
TermThesis Statement
DefinitionThe sentence or group of sentences that summarizes the main point or claim of an essay or research paper.
TermIntroduction and Conclusion Paragraphs
DefinitionThe introduction introduces the topic and the conclusion summarizes the main points and restates the thesis in a new way.
TermAPA, MLA, and Chicago Citation Styles
DefinitionDifferent formats for citing sources in academic writing.
TermRhetorical Strategies
DefinitionTechniques used in arguments to persuade including ethos, pathos, and logos.
TermCoherence and Unity in Writing
DefinitionCoherence refers to the logical and consistent connection of ideas in a text, and unity refers to the consistency of a single idea within a text.
TermRevision and Editing
DefinitionRevision involves reviewing and improving the content and structure of a text, while editing focuses on fixing grammatical and punctuation errors.
TermPraxis Core Mathematics
DefinitionA section of the Praxis Core test that assesses the test taker's understanding of mathematical concepts and procedures.
TermReal Numbers and Integers
DefinitionReal numbers include all rational and irrational numbers, while integers are whole numbers, both positive and negative, including zero.
TermFractions, Decimals, and Percentages
DefinitionFractions represent part of a whole, decimals represent fractions in base-10, and percentages represent fractions out of 100.
TermAlgebraic Expressions and Equations
DefinitionExpressions are combinations of variables and constants, while equations include an equals sign and relate expressions.
TermFunction
DefinitionA mathematical rule that assigns exactly one output to each input.
TermQuadratic Equation
DefinitionAn equation that can be written in the form ax^2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are constants.
TermGeometry: Area, Perimeter, Volume
DefinitionArea is the space within a shape, perimeter is the distance around a shape, and volume is the amount of space within a three-dimensional figure.
TermPythagorean Theorem
DefinitionThe theorem stating the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
TermTrigonometry: Sine, Cosine, Tangent
DefinitionThese are ratios of the lengths of sides in a right triangle, used in angle measurement.
TermProbability
DefinitionThe measure of the likelihood that an event will occur in a random experiment.
TermStatistical Measures: Mean, Median, Mode
DefinitionMean is the average of a set of data, median is the middle value when data is arranged in order, and mode is the most frequently occurring value.
TermCartesian Coordinate System
DefinitionA two-dimensional number system in which the location of a point is determined by its distance from two perpendicular lines called axes.
TermTransformation: Translation, Reflection, Rotation
DefinitionTranslation moves a shape without changing it, reflection flips a shape over a line, and rotation turns a shape around a point.
TermPatterns and Sequences: Arithmetic, Geometric
DefinitionIn an arithmetic sequence, each term differs from the previous by a constant difference; in a geometric sequence, each term is a constant multiple of the previous term.
TermRatio and Proportion
DefinitionA ratio expresses a relationship between two quantities; a proportion is an equation stating two ratios are equal.
TermLinear Equation
DefinitionAn equation in the form y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.
TermDistance Formula
DefinitionA formula that gives the distance between two points in the Cartesian coordinate system.
TermPrime Numbers and Composite Numbers
DefinitionPrime numbers have exactly two factors, 1 and the number itself; composite numbers have more than two factors.
TermPolynomial
DefinitionAn algebraic expression consisting of variables and coefficients combined using addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
TermExponential Function
DefinitionA function in which the variable is an exponent.
TermPraxis Core Pedagogy
DefinitionUnderstanding and application of effective teaching strategies and methodologies.
TermDifferentiated Instruction
DefinitionTailoring instruction to meet individual needs.
TermMultiple Intelligences Theory
DefinitionHoward Gardner's theory that proposes different individuals have different types of intelligences.
TermBehaviorist Learning Theory
DefinitionA learning theory that emphasizes the role of conditioning in shaping behavior.
TermConstructivist Learning Theory
DefinitionA learning theory that emphasizes the role of the learner in constructing knowledge.
TermFormative and Summative Assessment
DefinitionFormative assessment is ongoing and informs instruction; summative assessment evaluates learning at the end of an instructional unit.
TermIEP (Individualized Education Program)
DefinitionA legal document for each public school child who receives special education services.
TermELL (English Language Learner)
DefinitionStudents who are learning English in addition to their native language.
TermInclusion
DefinitionEducating students with special needs in the regular classroom.
TermRTI (Response to Intervention)
DefinitionA multi-tiered approach to the early identification and support of students with learning and behavior needs.
TermCooperative Learning
DefinitionA teaching strategy in which small groups of students work together on a common task.
TermLearning Styles
DefinitionDifferent ways in which people learn, often categorized as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic.
TermMaslow's Hierarchy of Needs
DefinitionA theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow, which describes a five-tier model of human needs.
TermScaffolding
DefinitionProviding support to enhance learning and aid in the mastery of tasks.
TermClassroom Management
DefinitionTechniques used by teachers to keep students organized, orderly, focused, attentive, on task, and productive.
TermBloom's Taxonomy in Lesson Planning
DefinitionUtilizing the levels of Bloom's Taxonomy (knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation) to develop lesson objectives.
TermDirect Instruction
DefinitionA teaching model that involves a teacher giving a clear, structured lesson to the students, who are passive recipients of the information.
TermInquiry-Based Learning
DefinitionA form of active learning that starts by posing questions, problems or scenarios rather than simply presenting established facts.
TermSocial Emotional Learning (SEL)
DefinitionThe process through which children and adults understand and manage emotions, set and achieve positive goals, feel and show empathy for others, establish and maintain positive relationships, and make responsible decisions.
TermUniversal Design for Learning (UDL)
DefinitionAn educational framework that guides the design of learning goals, materials, methods, and assessments with the diversity of learners in mind.
TermDiverse Learners
DefinitionStudents with different learning styles, backgrounds, abilities, disabilities, and other characteristics that may affect their learning.
TermLearning Objective
DefinitionA clear statement of what students are expected to know, understand, and be able to do by the end of a lesson or course.
TermCulturally Responsive Teaching
DefinitionAn educational approach that acknowledges and incorporates the importance of culture in all aspects of learning.
TermBackward Design
DefinitionA method of designing an educational curriculum by setting goals before choosing instructional methods and assessment.
Term21st Century Skills
DefinitionA broad set of knowledge, skills, work habits, and character traits that are believed to be critically important to success in today’s world.
TermSummative Assessment Examples
DefinitionExamples include final exams, standardized tests, end-of-unit projects, or portfolios.
TermSelf-regulated Learning
DefinitionA process that assists students in managing their thoughts, behaviors, and emotions in order to successfully navigate their learning experiences.
TermIntrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation
DefinitionIntrinsic motivation comes from within a person, while extrinsic motivation comes from outside factors.
TermLesson Plan Components
DefinitionComponents typically include the learning objective, instructional materials, teaching methods, student activities, and assessment.
TermAuthentic Assessment
DefinitionAn assessment form that asks students to perform real-world tasks that demonstrate meaningful application of essential knowledge and skills.