Question 1

Skeletal muscle

Accepted Answer

This is one of the three significant muscles in the human body

Question 2

The muscle belly

Accepted Answer

1) Epimysium 
2) Fascia

Question 3

Microscopic structure  of the skeletal  muscle Simple

Accepted Answer

1)Sarcolemma 
2)Sarcoplasm
3)Myoglobin
4) T-Tubule
5)Myofibril
6)Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 4

T-Tubule

Accepted Answer

think of it as vertebral discs.

Question 5

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Accepted Answer

think of this attaching to your, it's like muscles attaching to ligaments

Question 6

Sarcomere

Accepted Answer

think of it as a container,

Question 7

Microfilaments:

Accepted Answer

9. Actin: Thin filament
10. Myosin: Thick filament
Sarcomere

Question 8

Bands in the Sarcomere

Accepted Answer

1) Z Band 2) i Band 3) H Band 4)A Band

Question 9

Z Band

Accepted Answer

disc, line): boundaries of sarcomere

Question 10

I Band

Accepted Answer

There really isn't a clear look at it, though: we know that it crosses the disc AKA the Z Band and is partially in the inside. It's keeping one foot inside and one foot outside

Question 11

H Band

Accepted Answer

This is the area of dead space between the Thin ligament and from the right side and the left side. if there is no H Band it means that the Sacromere is fully contracted

Question 12

A Band

Accepted Answer

It is the entre thick filament- Myosin: Thick filament

Question 13

Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Accepted Answer

depending on the muscle i

Question 14

Red slow Twitch Fibers

Accepted Answer

under the microscope they are reder. they are not fast like the ones that move the arm. They are important, they can last a long time, you are using them a lot. This means that they need a lot of oxygen system. - must have a large blood supply- has a lot of mitochondria and capillaries- they do not have to store glycogen (bundled glucose). - your eyelids will get tired before your quads.... they are not as powerful

Question 15

White fast Twitch Fibers

Accepted Answer

lower myoglobin, so more whiter. they use anaerobic pathways to move-  the problem is that they get tired an d they get sore quickly. Examples: the occuler muscles. BTW white and red are diverse throughout the body.

Question 16

intermediate Twitch Fibers

Accepted Answer

in between, the half way point. They're red but have some white. Still have a rich capillary supply- they do not get as tired as the white

Question 17

V Contraction

Accepted Answer

Concentric Contraction and there is Eccentric Contraction. Concentrc

Question 18

Concentric Contraction

Accepted Answer

the flexion of the movement.  raising the barbell.. you have two options, let your arm go numb and allow a speedy fall, or an essentric contraction, stretching the muscle, as it tries to contract which slows the dissent of the weight

Question 19

Muscle Groups

Accepted Answer

1) muscles contract not expand. that's their main job 2)Antagonistic muscle groups - when muscles perform the opposite movement 3)Synergistic muscle groups- when muscles move together to make a particular movement

Question 20

perimysium

Accepted Answer

the connective tissue that is wrapping the Fascicle (peri = around)
)

Question 21

Antagonistic pair

Accepted Answer

Biceps flex forearm and the Triceps extend forearm 2) Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
Antagonists->Tibialis anterior dorsiflexes & Tibialis posterior plantarflexes

Question 22

Striated lines

Accepted Answer

by definition it means to have long lines, in anatomy it means to have a lot of parallel bundles .muscles are usually marked with these (they have a lot of these)- these muscles are also attached to the skeleton by tendons.

Question 23

Irritability

Accepted Answer

this means that a muscle is abled to  be consciously controlled by humans rather than involuntary movements.

Question 24

Involuntary movement

Accepted Answer

this means that your body has no control of the movement of this muscle or cell or anything. It likely is not plugged by the junction which allows neurons to give conscious movement.

Question 25

Perimysium

Accepted Answer

CT sheath that is surrounding the Fascicle. It is superficial to the fibers which are surrounded by Endomysium, the sheath that  surrounds the muscle fibers. Think of this as the hallway for the many classrooms, the ones that are holding together the fibers. well, this is holding together the classrooms. YES my theory is correct, the the peri does hold many, not just one fascicle, like a hallway which has more than one classroom.

Question 26

Fascia

Accepted Answer

the outer CT that is sheathing the entire muscle. This is what seperates the muscle and the other structures. think of this as the bricks that make up the school.

Question 27

Skeletal muscle

Accepted Answer

this is the only muscle that is able to move consciously, the other two are able to move involuntarily

Question 28

functions of the muscle

Accepted Answer

movement, stability, glucose stability, heat production, involuntary movement, like the smooth and cardiac because they are allowing the body to move and function without the mind.

Question 29

characteristics of the muscles

Accepted Answer

irritabilty, contractibiltiy, flexion, extension,

Question 30

Epimysium

Accepted Answer

this is the CT that is protecting the body of the muscle

Question 31

Red fibers

Accepted Answer

they allow for more intense movement and they have a lot of mitochondria which allows for more energy. it is not easy to get this tired things like the erector spinous will be a red fiber because it is not supposed to get tired very quickly. it uses the Aerobic metabolism for atp production

Question 32

White fibers

Accepted Answer

these get more tired quickly, it has less mitochondria, this means that it will have more fatiguenness when used a lot.

Question 33

Aerobic metabolism

Accepted Answer

an energy-generating system under the presence of oxygen, it relies on oxygen

Question 34

anaerobic

Accepted Answer

found in the white fibers for atp production

Question 35

Sliding Filament theory

Accepted Answer

a muscle fiber contracts when myosin filaments pull actin filaments closer together and thus shorten sarcomeres within a fiber.

Question 36

Neuromuscular Junction

Accepted Answer

muscle fiber & axon of
neuron which innervates it

Question 37

Motor Unit

Accepted Answer

one single motor neuron that allows for movement, the more powerful motor unit, again  it is only one, it will allow for more movement and more powerful movements, the downside of this is that it will allow for less precise movments

Question 38

Small motor unit

Accepted Answer

a small motor unit allows for more precise movements like the fingers and pointing, they are typically muscles that move the eyes.

Question 39

organization of muscles

Accepted Answer

the muscle is made out of fibers, many of them. these fibers are long and contain the proteins Myosin and Actin. Cells are able to contract, enabling movement

Question 40

the purpose of muscles

Accepted Answer

1)movement 2) stability 3)controls involuntary muscles which allow our bodies function, examples of these would literally be cardiac muscles and smooth muscles, not skeletal muscles (they are consciously controlled) be alive 3) heat production 4) glucose regulation

Question 41

characteristics of the muscles

Accepted Answer

A) irritability B)contractibility C) Extensibility D) Elasticity- muscles will move and stretch

Question 42

the muscle belly

Accepted Answer

it is all of the fibers together, think of this as the entire school which holds hallways, classrooms and students ( the fibers itself). This is surrounded by Epimysium which is made out of connective tissue

Question 43

What muscles attach to

Accepted Answer

connects to 1) tendons 2)aponeurosis 3)Direct attachment, attaches to nothing but the bone

Question 44

Tendon

Accepted Answer

dense regular ct- connects muscle with bone

Question 45

Aponeurosis

Accepted Answer

sometimes instead of having tendons this replaces it, it is- white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles having a wide area of attachment.

Question 46

Sarcoplasm

Accepted Answer

cytoplasm inside of the muscle cells, here there is a lot of mitochondria. this creates metabolism reactions

Question 47

T-Tubule

Accepted Answer

think of disc vertebrae's, it is what they look like. The purpose of this is to transmit nerve impulses to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 48

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Accepted Answer

the muscle version of the smooth ER. A smooth ER is responsible for making lipids, plasma membranes. Its main purpose is to create calcium, which of course is needed for muscle contraction and relaxation

Question 49

Myofilaments (middle right)

Accepted Answer

found in the myofibrils. It is made out of contractile proteins (Actin and Myosin)

Question 50

What are the contractile proteins

Accepted Answer

myosin and actin. Myosin is thick while actin is thin. They are located inside of muscles

Question 51

Sarcomere

Accepted Answer

made out of myofilaments,

Question 52

Microfilaments

Accepted Answer

whenever you see this term think of proteins. The contractile proteins that is- 1) Myosin 2) Actin

Question 53

Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

Accepted Answer

- the entire yellow blob is the NMJ. It is where the Point of contact between muscle fiber & axon of
neuron which innervates it

Question 54

Red Fibers

Accepted Answer

Whenever you think of red think of  Quetzal . 1) fatigue resistant 2) lots of capillaries (thin blood vessels) 3) There is a lot of mitochondria which means there is a lot of energy 4)oxygen dependent to generate energy 5) low glycogen reserve 6) slow contraction 7)high myoglobin reserve examples of this would be the erector spinous.

Question 55

White fibers

Accepted Answer

Think a managarmr. They are fast movements, precise, get tired quickly. Also, 1) generate powerful contractions, 2) has a large glycogen reserve unlike the red fibers 3)Anaerobiotic pathway- does not require any oxygen to make energy. Examples of this would be the muscles that move your eyes, the muscles that move your fingers, muscles of shoulders and arms when lifting.

Question 56

Intermediate fast twitch fiber

Accepted Answer

Think of the argentavis. It is not as powerful as the red fiber- quetzal. Though because it is a bird we are thinking of it will have a 1) lot of myoglobin and mitochondria 2) rich capillary 3) aerobic energy production- dependent on air/oxygen supply 4) doesn't get tired just like the red fibers This however will not be as red as the fibers, it will balance it by have more powerful concentration

Question 57

Tendons

Accepted Answer

they are composed of dense CT, they are attaching to bone.

Question 58

Sarcolemma

Accepted Answer

it is a cell membrane that is like a barrier to protect the intercellular and the extracellular.

Question 59

Myofibril

Accepted Answer

This looks just like a wafer swirl if it is taken out of the fasicles. they contain contractile structures  which we know them to be the two  proteins- Actin and Myosin.

Question 60

Large motor unit

Accepted Answer

one neuron to many nerves- this means that there is going to be less precise movements. Its capable of moving large muscles. A large motor unit is an arrangement where a single motor neuron supplies a large number of muscle fibers in a muscle. This large motor is essential for large and powerful movement like extending the knee.

Question 61

Small motor unit

Accepted Answer

one nerve this few fibers. this unit helps move faster and establishes precise  movements.

Lecture 11- Muscle Histology