Question 1

Pythagorean Theorem

Accepted Answer

In right-angled triangles, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

Question 2

Metaphor

Accepted Answer

A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things, implying a similarity between them without using 'like' or 'as'.

Question 3

Simile

Accepted Answer

A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another of a different kind, typically used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g., as brave as a lion).

Question 4

Alliteration

Accepted Answer

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

Question 5

Onomatopoeia

Accepted Answer

The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named (e.g., cuckoo, sizzle).

Question 6

Personification

Accepted Answer

The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman.

Question 7

Hydrologic (Water) Cycle

Accepted Answer

The continuous circulation of water in the Earth-atmosphere system.

Question 8

Photosynthesis

Accepted Answer

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll pigments.

Question 9

Cellular Respiration

Accepted Answer

The process by which cells break down glucose and other food molecules to release energy.

Question 10

Mitosis

Accepted Answer

The type of cell division by which a single cell divides in two; each new cell receives a copy of the original chromosome.

Question 11

Meiosis

Accepted Answer

The type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Question 12

DNA Replication

Accepted Answer

The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.

Question 13

Prokaryotic Cells

Accepted Answer

Cells without a nucleus. The DNA in prokaryotic cells is in the cytoplasm rather than enclosed within a nuclear membrane.

Question 14

Eukaryotic Cells

Accepted Answer

Cells with a nucleus. Their genetic material is enclosed within a nuclear membrane.

Question 15

Food Chain

Accepted Answer

A hierarchical series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food.

Question 16

Food Web

Accepted Answer

A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.

Question 17

Symbiosis

Accepted Answer

Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.

Question 18

Omnivore

Accepted Answer

An animal or person that eats food of both plant and animal origin.

Question 19

Herbivore

Accepted Answer

An animal that gets its energy from eating plants.

Question 20

Carnivore

Accepted Answer

An animal that feeds on other animals.

Question 21

Predation

Accepted Answer

The preying of one animal on others.

Question 22

Carbon Cycle

Accepted Answer

The series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment.

Question 23

Nitrogen Cycle

Accepted Answer

The series of processes by which nitrogen and its compounds are interconverted in the environment.

Question 24

Oxygen Cycle

Accepted Answer

The biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of oxygen within the Earth's atmosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere.

Question 25

Quadratic Equation

Accepted Answer

An equation of the second degree, the general form is ax^2 + bx + c = 0.

Question 26

Coefficient

Accepted Answer

A numerical or constant quantity placed before and multiplying the variable in an algebraic expression.

Question 27

Inequality

Accepted Answer

A relation between two expressions that may not be equal.

Question 28

Radical

Accepted Answer

A symbol (√) placed before an expression to denote that a root is to be extracted.

Question 29

Linear Equation

Accepted Answer

An equation between two variables that produces a straight line when plotted on a graph.

Question 30

System of Equations

Accepted Answer

A set of two or more equations with the same variables that must be solved simultaneously.

Question 31

Prime Number

Accepted Answer

A number that has exactly two distinct natural number divisors: 1 and itself.

Question 32

Composite Number

Accepted Answer

A positive integer that has at least one divisor other than 1 and itself.

Question 33

Rational Number

Accepted Answer

A number that can be expressed as a fraction with an integer numerator and a non-zero integer denominator.

Question 34

Irrational Number

Accepted Answer

A number that cannot be expressed as a fraction for any integers a and b, and whose decimal representation never ends or repeats.

Question 35

Constitutional Amendments

Accepted Answer

Changes or additions to the U.S. Constitution. There are currently 27 ratified amendments.

Question 36

Separation of Powers

Accepted Answer

A principle in the Constitution that divides government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power.

Question 37

Federalism

Accepted Answer

A system of government in which power is divided between a central government and individual states.

Question 38

Executive Order

Accepted Answer

A directive issued by the President of the United States that manages operations of the federal government.

Question 39

Checks and Balances

Accepted Answer

A system that allows each branch of a government to amend or veto acts of another branch so as to prevent any one branch from exerting too much power.

Question 40

Bill of Rights

Accepted Answer

The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

Question 41

Compound Interest

Accepted Answer

Interest on a loan or deposit calculated based on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest from previous periods.

Question 42

Simple Interest

Accepted Answer

Interest calculated only on the initial amount (principal) that was deposited or borrowed.

Question 43

Absolute Value

Accepted Answer

The distance of a number from zero on a number line, always positive.

Question 44

Scientific Notation

Accepted Answer

A method of expressing very large or very small numbers that are difficult to write and understand. It is a number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10.

Question 45

Histogram

Accepted Answer

A graphical representation of the distribution of a dataset. It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable.

Question 46

Box-and-whisker Plot

Accepted Answer

A plot drawn to show the distribution of numerical data. It shows the median, quartiles, and extreme values.

Question 47

Mean, Median, Mode

Accepted Answer

Measures of central tendency in a data set. Mean is average, median is middle value, mode is most frequently occurring value.

Question 48

Probability

Accepted Answer

The measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur, calculated as the number of desired outcomes divided by the total possible outcomes.

Question 49

Scatter Plot

Accepted Answer

A type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data.

Indiana ILEARN Comprehensive Flashcards: Advanced Concepts