Question 1

Longitude

Accepted Answer

The angular distance of a location east or west of the prime meridian.

Question 2

Latitude

Accepted Answer

The angular distance of a location north or south of the equator.

Question 3

Ecosystem

Accepted Answer

A community of living organisms and their environment, interacting as a system.

Question 4

Inference

Accepted Answer

A conclusion or deduction based on evidence and reasoning.

Question 5

Producer

Accepted Answer

An organism that can produce its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

Question 6

Consumer

Accepted Answer

An organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter.

Question 7

Decomposer

Accepted Answer

An organism that breaks down dead organisms and organic waste, releasing nutrients into the environment.

Question 8

Renewable resource

Accepted Answer

A resource that can be replenished or replaced within a human lifespan.

Question 9

Nonrenewable resource

Accepted Answer

A resource that cannot be replenished or replaced within a human lifespan.

Question 10

Water cycle

Accepted Answer

The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface.

Question 11

Adaptation

Accepted Answer

A characteristic or behavior that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.

Question 12

Plate tectonics

Accepted Answer

The theory that Earth's lithosphere is divided into plates that move and interact with each other.

Question 13

Weathering

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of rocks and minerals at or near the Earth's surface.

Question 14

Erosion

Accepted Answer

The process of moving sediment or soil from one place to another by wind, water, or ice.

Question 15

Revolution

Accepted Answer

The orbit of a planet around the sun, completing one full revolution in a specific period of time.

Question 16

Rotation

Accepted Answer

The spinning of a planet on its axis, completing one full rotation in a 24-hour period.

Question 17

Convection

Accepted Answer

The transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid, such as air or water.

Question 18

Greenhouse effect

Accepted Answer

The trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere by certain gases, leading to global warming.

Question 19

Photosynthesis

Accepted Answer

The process by which green plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy.

Question 20

Heredity

Accepted Answer

The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.

Question 21

DNA

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that carries genetic information in all living organisms.

Question 22

Mitosis

Accepted Answer

The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

Question 23

Meiosis

Accepted Answer

The process of cell division that produces four non-identical daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Question 24

Natural selection

Accepted Answer

The process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Question 25

Food chain

Accepted Answer

A sequence of organisms in which each serves as a source of food for the next.

Question 26

Food web

Accepted Answer

A complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.

Question 27

Ecological succession

Accepted Answer

The gradual change in species composition in a given area over time.

Question 28

Exponential growth

Accepted Answer

Population growth at an increasing rate, resulting in a J-shaped curve.

Question 29

Carrying capacity

Accepted Answer

The maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can support.

Question 30

Biotic factor

Accepted Answer

Living or once-living components of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and decomposers.

Question 31

Abiotic factor

Accepted Answer

Non-living components of an ecosystem, such as temperature, water, and soil.

Question 32

Density

Accepted Answer

The number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume.

Question 33

Runoff

Accepted Answer

Water that flows over the land surface rather than infiltrating into the ground.

Question 34

Drought

Accepted Answer

A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to water scarcity.

Question 35

Acid rain

Accepted Answer

Rainfall with a pH value below 5.6, caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

Question 36

Greenhouse gases

Accepted Answer

Gases such as carbon dioxide and methane that contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Question 37

Fossil fuels

Accepted Answer

Nonrenewable energy sources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

Question 38

Conservation

Accepted Answer

The sustainable management and protection of natural resources and ecosystems.

Question 39

Biodiversity

Accepted Answer

The variety of life forms in a particular habitat or on Earth as a whole.

Question 40

Endangered species

Accepted Answer

Species at risk of extinction due to low population numbers or environmental threats.

Question 41

Pollution

Accepted Answer

The introduction of harmful substances or contaminants into the environment.

Question 42

Carbon footprint

Accepted Answer

The total amount of greenhouse gases produced directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, or product.

Question 43

Geothermal energy

Accepted Answer

Renewable energy derived from heat stored in the Earth's interior.

Question 44

Solar energy

Accepted Answer

Renewable energy derived from the sun's radiation.

Question 45

Wind energy

Accepted Answer

Renewable energy generated by harnessing the power of wind.

Question 46

Hydroelectric power

Accepted Answer

Renewable energy generated by harnessing the energy of flowing or falling water.

Question 47

Fertilizer

Accepted Answer

A substance added to soil or plants to provide essential nutrients for growth.

Question 48

Pesticide

Accepted Answer

A substance used to kill or control pests that can damage crops or harm humans and animals.

Question 49

Watershed

Accepted Answer

An area of land where all water drains into a common body of water, such as a river, lake, or ocean.

Question 50

Wetland

Accepted Answer

A land area that is saturated or flooded with water for at least part of the year, supporting unique plant and animal species.

Question 51

Estuary

Accepted Answer

A partially enclosed coastal body of water where freshwater from rivers and streams meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean.

Question 52

Sustainable development

Accepted Answer

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Question 53

Globalization

Accepted Answer

The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through trade, communication, and cultural exchange.

Question 54

Immigration

Accepted Answer

The movement of individuals from one country or region to another with the intention of settling permanently.

Question 55

Emigration

Accepted Answer

The movement of individuals out of a particular country or region to reside elsewhere.

Question 56

Urbanization

Accepted Answer

The process of population growth and the development of cities.

Question 57

Human rights

Accepted Answer

Fundamental rights and freedoms to which all individuals are entitled, regardless of nationality, race, gender, or other factors.

Question 58

Civil rights

Accepted Answer

The rights of individuals to receive equal treatment and protection under the law, regardless of their race, religion, or other characteristics.

Question 59

Constitution

Accepted Answer

A written document outlining the fundamental principles and laws of a nation or organization.

Question 60

Branches of government

Accepted Answer

The executive, legislative, and judicial branches that have separate powers and responsibilities in a system of checks and balances.

Question 61

Checks and balances

Accepted Answer

The system in which each branch of government has the ability to limit the powers of the other branches to prevent abuse of power.

Question 62

Bill of Rights

Accepted Answer

The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, protecting individual rights and freedoms.

Question 63

Suffrage

Accepted Answer

The right to vote in political elections.

Question 64

Civil disobedience

Accepted Answer

The deliberate refusal to comply with certain laws or government demands as a form of peaceful protest.

Connecticut SBAC Test Flashcards