Question 1

Phoneme

Accepted Answer

The smallest unit of sound in a language.

Question 2

Morpheme

Accepted Answer

The smallest unit of meaning in a language.

Question 3

Syntax

Accepted Answer

The rules governing the structure of sentences in a language.

Question 4

Semantics

Accepted Answer

The study of meaning in language.

Question 5

Pragmatics

Accepted Answer

The study of how context influences the meaning of language.

Question 6

Alphabetic principle

Accepted Answer

The understanding that letters represent sounds in written language.

Question 7

Phonics

Accepted Answer

The relationship between letters and the sounds they represent.

Question 8

Sight words

Accepted Answer

Words that are recognized instantly, without the need for decoding.

Question 9

Fluency

Accepted Answer

The ability to read with speed, accuracy, and expression.

Question 10

Comprehension

Accepted Answer

Understanding and making meaning from text.

Question 11

Literal comprehension

Accepted Answer

Understanding the explicit meaning of a text.

Question 12

Inferential comprehension

Accepted Answer

Drawing conclusions or making predictions based on implicit information in a text.

Question 13

Metacognition

Accepted Answer

Thinking about one's own thinking, including strategies for reading comprehension.

Question 14

Schema

Accepted Answer

Prior knowledge or mental framework that helps in understanding new information.

Question 15

Decoding

Accepted Answer

Breaking down words into their component sounds to read them.

Question 16

Encoding

Accepted Answer

Translating spoken language into written symbols.

Question 17

Word analysis

Accepted Answer

Identifying and manipulating the sounds, syllables, and meanings of words.

Question 18

Word recognition

Accepted Answer

Identifying words accurately and quickly.

Question 19

Sight vocabulary

Accepted Answer

Words that are recognized instantly and automatically.

Question 20

Vocabulary development

Accepted Answer

Expanding the number and range of words known.

Question 21

Text structure

Accepted Answer

The way a text is organized, including headings, paragraphs, and sections.

Question 22

Graphic features

Accepted Answer

Visual elements in a text, such as charts, diagrams, or illustrations.

Question 23

Narrative text

Accepted Answer

Text that tells a story or recounts events.

Question 24

Expository text

Accepted Answer

Text that provides information or explains a topic.

Question 25

Persuasive text

Accepted Answer

Text that aims to convince or persuade the reader.

Question 26

Literary elements

Accepted Answer

Elements such as character, plot, setting, and theme in a literary work.

Question 27

Literary genres

Accepted Answer

Categories of literature, such as poetry, drama, and fiction.

Question 28

Main idea

Accepted Answer

The central point or message of a text.

Question 29

Supporting details

Accepted Answer

Information that helps explain or support the main idea.

Question 30

Summarizing

Accepted Answer

Retelling the main points or important details of a text in a concise manner.

Question 31

Cause and effect

Accepted Answer

The relationship between events where one event is the result of another.

Question 32

Fact and opinion

Accepted Answer

Distinguishing between statements that can be proven and those that are based on personal beliefs.

Question 33

Context clues

Accepted Answer

Hints or information in the text that help determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Question 34

Author's purpose

Accepted Answer

The reason an author writes a particular text, such as to entertain, inform, or persuade.

Question 35

Point of view

Accepted Answer

The perspective from which a story is told, including first person, third person limited, and third person omniscient.

Question 36

Bias

Accepted Answer

Prejudice or a preference for one particular point of view.

Question 37

Figurative language

Accepted Answer

Language that uses figures of speech, such as similes, metaphors, and idioms.

Question 38

Idiom

Accepted Answer

An expression whose meaning cannot be understood from the literal definition of its individual words.

Question 39

Connotation

Accepted Answer

The emotional or cultural associations connected to a word.

Question 40

Denotation

Accepted Answer

The literal or dictionary definition of a word.

Question 41

Writing process

Accepted Answer

The steps involved in producing a written work, including prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing.

Question 42

Pre-writing

Accepted Answer

The stage of the writing process where ideas are generated and organized.

Question 43

Drafting

Accepted Answer

The stage of the writing process where the first version of a piece of writing is created.

Question 44

Revising

Accepted Answer

The stage of the writing process where the content, organization, and clarity of a piece of writing are improved.

Question 45

Editing

Accepted Answer

The stage of the writing process where grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other mechanical aspects of writing are checked and corrected.

Question 46

Proofreading

Accepted Answer

The final stage of the writing process where errors are identified and corrected before publishing.

Question 47

Audience

Accepted Answer

The intended readers or listeners of a piece of writing or presentation.

Question 48

Purpose

Accepted Answer

The reason for writing or speaking, such as to inform, persuade, entertain, or explain.

Question 49

Thesis statement

Accepted Answer

A clear and concise statement that expresses the main argument or point of an essay or speech.

Question 50

Topic sentence

Accepted Answer

A sentence that expresses the main idea of a paragraph.

Question 51

Supporting evidence

Accepted Answer

Facts, examples, statistics, or other information that supports a claim or argument.

Question 52

Transitions

Accepted Answer

Words, phrases, or sentences that connect ideas and help guide the reader through a piece of writing.

Question 53

Sentence structure

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of words and phrases to create grammatically correct and meaningful sentences.

Question 54

Subject-verb agreement

Accepted Answer

The agreement between the subject and verb in a sentence in terms of number and person.

Question 55

Pronoun-antecedent agreement

Accepted Answer

The agreement between a pronoun and its antecedent in terms of number, gender, and person.

Question 56

Verb tense

Accepted Answer

The form of a verb that indicates the time of an action or state of being.

Question 57

Active voice

Accepted Answer

A sentence construction in which the subject performs the action.

Question 58

Passive voice

Accepted Answer

A sentence construction in which the subject receives the action.

Question 59

Conjunctions

Accepted Answer

Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence, such as and, but, or, and because.

Question 60

Prepositions

Accepted Answer

Words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence, such as in, on, at, and through.

Question 61

Coordinating conjunctions

Accepted Answer

Conjunctions that join words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance, such as and, but, or, nor, for, so, and yet.

Question 62

Subordinating conjunctions

Accepted Answer

Conjunctions that join a dependent clause to an independent clause, such as because, if, when, while, and although.

Question 63

Run-on sentence

Accepted Answer

Two or more complete sentences joined together without proper punctuation or conjunctions.

Question 64

Fragment

Accepted Answer

An incomplete sentence or a group of words that does not express a complete thought.

Comprehensive Flashcards for OPTE Exam Preparation