Question 1

Behaviorism

Accepted Answer

A psychological theory that focuses on observable behaviors as a result of conditioning and reinforcement.

Question 2

Constructivism

Accepted Answer

A learning theory that emphasizes the learner's active construction of knowledge through personal experiences and reflection.

Question 3

Zone of Proximal Development

Accepted Answer

The range of tasks that a learner cannot accomplish alone but can achieve with guidance and support from a more knowledgeable person.

Question 4

Multiple Intelligences

Accepted Answer

The theory that individuals possess different types of intelligence, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.

Question 5

Differentiated Instruction

Accepted Answer

A teaching approach that recognizes and caters to the diverse learning needs and abilities of students within a classroom.

Question 6

Authentic Assessment

Accepted Answer

An evaluation method that measures students' knowledge and skills in real-life contexts or through meaningful tasks, as opposed to traditional tests or quizzes.

Question 7

Bloom's Taxonomy

Accepted Answer

A hierarchical model that classifies different levels of cognitive thinking, including knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.

Question 8

Scaffolding

Accepted Answer

Providing temporary support and guidance to students to help them master a task or concept, gradually reducing assistance as they gain proficiency.

Question 9

Culturally Responsive Teaching

Accepted Answer

An instructional approach that acknowledges and incorporates students' cultural backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives into the learning process.

Question 10

Inclusive Education

Accepted Answer

An educational philosophy and practice that ensures equal access to learning opportunities for students with diverse abilities and disabilities.

Question 11

Phonemic Awareness

Accepted Answer

The ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words, a critical skill for developing reading and writing.

Question 12

Dyslexia

Accepted Answer

A learning disorder characterized by difficulties in reading, spelling, and writing, often caused by challenges in phonological processing.

Question 13

Formative Assessment

Accepted Answer

Ongoing assessments conducted during the learning process to monitor students' progress and provide feedback for instructional adjustments.

Question 14

Summative Assessment

Accepted Answer

Evaluations conducted at the end of a learning unit or course to measure students' overall achievement and understanding.

Question 15

Universal Design for Learning

Accepted Answer

A framework that promotes the design of flexible instructional materials and strategies that accommodate diverse learner needs and preferences.

Question 16

IEP (Individualized Education Program)

Accepted Answer

A legal document developed for students with disabilities that outlines their specific learning goals, accommodations, and support services.

Question 17

Culturally Relevant Pedagogy

Accepted Answer

Teaching practices that bridge students' cultural experiences with academic content to promote engagement and achievement.

Question 18

Phonics

Accepted Answer

A method of teaching reading that emphasizes the relationship between letters (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes).

Question 19

English Language Learners (ELL)

Accepted Answer

Students whose first language is not English and are in the process of acquiring proficiency in English.

Question 20

Gifted and Talented Education

Accepted Answer

Programs and services designed to meet the educational needs of students who demonstrate high intellectual or artistic abilities.

Question 21

Behavior Management

Accepted Answer

Strategies and techniques used by teachers to promote positive behaviors and prevent disruptive or challenging behaviors.

Question 22

Vygotsky

Accepted Answer

A Russian psychologist known for his sociocultural theory of cognitive development, highlighting the role of social interaction in learning.

Question 23

Sheltered Instruction

Accepted Answer

An instructional approach that combines content instruction with language support to facilitate English language learners' comprehension and learning.

Question 24

Piaget

Accepted Answer

A Swiss psychologist who proposed a cognitive development theory, describing how children's thinking processes change as they grow and interact with their environment.

Question 25

Self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific tasks or situations, which influences motivation and performance.

Question 26

Tiered Instruction

Accepted Answer

An instructional approach that offers different levels of content and tasks based on students' varying levels of readiness or ability.

Question 27

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Accepted Answer

A theory that prioritizes meeting basic physiological and psychological needs before higher-level.

Question 28

Inquiry-Based Learning

Accepted Answer

A student-centered approach that encourages active exploration, investigation, and questioning to construct knowledge and understanding.

Question 29

Direct Instruction

Accepted Answer

A teacher-led instructional approach characterized by explicit teaching, modeling, and guided practice to promote mastery of specific skills or concepts.

Question 30

Cultural Competence

Accepted Answer

The ability to interact effectively and respectfully with individuals from different cultural backgrounds, taking into account their values, beliefs, and norms.

Question 31

Praxis PLT Exam

Accepted Answer

The Praxis Principles of Learning and Teaching Exam, which assesses candidates' knowledge and understanding of foundational principles and theories of learning and teaching.

Question 32

Praxis Content Exam

Accepted Answer

The Praxis Content Exam, specific to a subject area, measures candidates' knowledge and competency in their chosen content area for teaching.

Question 33

Learning Styles

Accepted Answer

Different ways individuals prefer to receive and process information, such as visual, auditory, kinesthetic, or a combination of modalities.

Question 34

Schema

Accepted Answer

Mental frameworks or structures that organize and interpret information, allowing learners to make connections and integrate new knowledge with existing knowledge.

Question 35

Zone of Regulation

Accepted Answer

A framework that helps students recognize and manage their emotions, self-regulate behavior, and make appropriate choices for optimal learning.

Question 36

Title IX

Accepted Answer

A federal law that prohibits gender-based discrimination, including sexual harassment, in educational programs and activities receiving federal funding.

Question 37

Response to Intervention (RTI)

Accepted Answer

A multi-tiered framework that provides early identification and intervention for students struggling academically or behaviorally.

Question 38

Authentic Learning

Accepted Answer

Learning experiences that mirror real-world contexts, tasks, or challenges, fostering relevance and application of knowledge and skills.

Question 39

Growth Mindset

Accepted Answer

The belief that intelligence and abilities can be developed through effort, perseverance, and effective strategies, as opposed to a fixed mindset.

Question 40

Professional Learning Communities (PLCs)

Accepted Answer

Collaborative groups of educators who engage in ongoing professional development, sharing best practices and improving instruction.

Question 41

Assistive Technology

Accepted Answer

Tools, devices, or software that support students with disabilities in accessing information, participating in activities, and enhancing their learning.

Question 42

Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy

Accepted Answer

A teaching approach that not only respects and values students' cultural identities but also seeks to empower and sustain their cultural practices and ways of knowing.

Question 43

Metacognition

Accepted Answer

The awareness and understanding of one's own thinking processes, including reflection, self-monitoring, and self-regulation.

Question 44

Differentiation by Interest

Accepted Answer

Tailoring instruction to align with students' individual interests and preferences, fostering engagement and motivation.

Question 45

Inclusion

Accepted Answer

The practice of educating students with disabilities in general education classrooms alongside their non-disabled peers to promote a sense of belonging and equal opportunities.

Question 46

Phonological Awareness

Accepted Answer

The broader skill of recognizing and manipulating larger units of sound, such as syllables, onset-rime, and phonemic awareness.

Question 47

English as a Second Language (ESL)

Accepted Answer

Educational programs and instructional strategies designed to support non-native English speakers in acquiring English language proficiency.

Question 48

Prior Knowledge

Accepted Answer

The knowledge and understanding that students bring to a learning situation, influencing their comprehension, learning, and ability to make connections.

Question 49

Co-teaching

Accepted Answer

A collaborative teaching approach where two or more educators work together to plan, instruct, and assess students, sharing responsibility and expertise.

Question 50

Reciprocal Teaching

Accepted Answer

A reading comprehension strategy where students take turns leading discussions and applying four strategies: predicting, clarifying, questioning, and summarizing.

Question 51

Bilingual Education

Accepted Answer

Instructional programs that provide content instruction in both students' native language and the target language, promoting bilingualism and biliteracy.

Question 52

Classical Conditioning

Accepted Answer

A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a reflex response through repeated pairing, as demonstrated in Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs.

Question 53

High-Stakes Testing

Accepted Answer

Assessments that have significant consequences for students, teachers, or schools, such as graduation requirements, school rankings, or teacher evaluations.

Question 54