Question 1

Phonemic Awareness

Accepted Answer

The ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds in spoken language.

Question 2

Alphabetic Principle

Accepted Answer

The understanding that letters represent sounds and that these sounds can be combined to form words.

Question 3

Grapheme

Accepted Answer

A written or printed representation of a phoneme, such as a letter or a group of letters.

Question 4

Phonics

Accepted Answer

The method of teaching reading and spelling by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters.

Question 5

Decoding

Accepted Answer

The process of using knowledge of letter-sound relationships to read words.

Question 6

Sight Words

Accepted Answer

Commonly used words that are recognized immediately without the need for decoding.

Question 7

Fluency

Accepted Answer

The ability to read with speed, accuracy, and proper expression.

Question 8

Comprehension

Accepted Answer

The understanding and interpretation of written or spoken language.

Question 9

Vocabulary

Accepted Answer

The words known and used by a person.

Question 10

Morpheme

Accepted Answer

The smallest meaningful unit of language, such as a prefix or a suffix.

Question 11

Syntax

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences.

Question 12

Semantics

Accepted Answer

The meaning or interpretation of words, sentences, and phrases.

Question 13

Pragmatics

Accepted Answer

The study of how language is used in social contexts.

Question 14

Metacognition

Accepted Answer

The awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes.

Question 15

Assessment

Accepted Answer

The process of gathering and evaluating information about a student's knowledge and skills.

Question 16

Differentiation

Accepted Answer

The practice of tailoring instruction to meet the individual needs of students.

Question 17

IEP (Individualized Education Program)

Accepted Answer

A legally binding document that outlines the special education services and accommodations for a student with disabilities.

Question 18

RTI (Response to Intervention)

Accepted Answer

A multi-tiered approach to identifying and supporting students with academic or behavioral difficulties.

Question 19

Inclusion

Accepted Answer

The practice of educating students with disabilities in general education classrooms alongside their peers without disabilities.

Question 20

Cultural Competence

Accepted Answer

The ability to understand, appreciate, and interact effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds.

Question 21

Behavior Management

Accepted Answer

Strategies and techniques used to promote positive behavior and reduce disruptive or challenging behaviors.

Question 22

Assistive Technology

Accepted Answer

Devices or tools that help individuals with disabilities to participate in activities, perform tasks, and access information.

Question 23

Universal Design for Learning

Accepted Answer

An educational framework that emphasizes designing instruction to be accessible and effective for all learners.

Question 24

Title I

Accepted Answer

A federal program that provides additional funding to schools with a high percentage of students from low-income families.

Question 25

ESL (English as a Second Language)

Accepted Answer

Instruction for students whose first language is not English to help them develop English language proficiency.

Question 26

Content Area Literacy

Accepted Answer

Strategies for teaching reading and writing skills within specific academic subjects.

Question 27

DIBELS (Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills)

Accepted Answer

A set of standardized assessments used to measure early literacy skills in students.

Question 28

Running Record

Accepted Answer

An assessment tool used to evaluate a student's reading accuracy, fluency, and comprehension.

Question 29

Balanced Literacy

Accepted Answer

An instructional approach that combines whole language and phonics-based instruction.

Question 30

Guided Reading

Accepted Answer

Small-group reading instruction that focuses on teaching reading strategies and skills to students at their instructional level.

Question 31

Word Analysis

Accepted Answer

The process of breaking words down into their component parts to determine meaning or pronunciation.

Question 32

High-Frequency Words

Accepted Answer

Words that appear most often in written text and are important for early reading development.

Question 33

Choral Reading

Accepted Answer

A technique in which a group of students read aloud together, usually following along with a shared text.

Question 34

Schema

Accepted Answer

The background knowledge and experiences that a reader brings to the text.

Question 35

Inferencing

Accepted Answer

The process of using clues from the text and personal knowledge to make educated guesses or draw conclusions.

Question 36

Narrative Text

Accepted Answer

Text that tells a story or recounts a sequence of events.

Question 37

Analytical Writing

Accepted Answer

Writing that examines and evaluates information or arguments in a logical and systematic manner.

Question 38

Phonological Awareness

Accepted Answer

The broad understanding of the sounds of language, including syllables, rhymes, and phonemes.

Question 39

Environmental Print

Accepted Answer

Words and symbols found in the environment, such as signs, logos, and labels, that provide opportunities for reading.

Question 40

Sight Word Recognition

Accepted Answer

The ability to quickly and accurately identify high-frequency words by sight.

Question 41

Homophones

Accepted Answer

Words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings, such as "their," "there," and "they're."

Question 42

Context Clues

Accepted Answer

Information in the surrounding text that helps readers determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Question 43

Root Words

Accepted Answer

The base or core words from which many other words are formed through the addition of prefixes or suffixes.

Question 44

Composing

Accepted Answer

The process of generating and organizing ideas to create written texts.

Question 45

Proofreading

Accepted Answer

The careful review and correction of errors in spelling, grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure.

Question 46

Narrative Elements

Accepted Answer

The components of a story, including characters, setting, plot, and theme.

Question 47

Cause and Effect

Accepted Answer

The relationship between events or actions where one event leads to another or has an impact on another.

Question 48

Main Idea

Accepted Answer

The central point or key concept in a passage or text.

Question 49

Primary Source

Accepted Answer

An original document or artifact that provides direct evidence or firsthand accounts of a particular event or topic.

Question 50

Secondary Source

Accepted Answer

A document or account that analyzes or interprets primary sources, often written by historians or scholars.

Question 51

Chronological Order

Accepted Answer

Arranging events or information in the order in which they occurred.

Question 52

Civil Rights Movement

Accepted Answer

The social and political movement in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, aimed at ending racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans.

Question 53

Manifest Destiny

Accepted Answer

The belief in the 19th-century United States that it was destined to expand across the entire continent.

Question 54

Industrial Revolution

Accepted Answer

The period of rapid industrialization, technological advancements, and social changes that occurred in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Question 55

Checks and Balances

Accepted Answer

The system in the United States government that ensures no single branch has too much power by allowing each branch to limit the powers of the other branches.

Question 56

Great Depression

Accepted Answer

The severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s, marked by widespread unemployment and poverty.

Question 57

Cold War

Accepted Answer

The period of political tension and military rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, lasting from the late 1940s to the early 1990s.

Comprehensive Flashcards for Indiana Praxis Subject Area Tests