Question 1

Constructivist Theory

Accepted Answer

Learning theory that emphasizes the active role of the learner in building understanding and making sense of information.

Question 2

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's concept of the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help.

Question 3

Behaviorist Learning Theory

Accepted Answer

Learning theory based on the idea that behaviors are learned through positive or negative reinforcement.

Question 4

Bloom's Taxonomy

Accepted Answer

A classification system used to define and distinguish different levels of human cognition—i.e., thinking, learning, and understanding.

Question 5

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Accepted Answer

A motivational theory comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.

Question 6

Differentiated Instruction

Accepted Answer

Teaching strategy that involves adjusting the curriculum, teaching methods, and classroom environment to better meet the needs of individual students.

Question 7

Inclusion

Accepted Answer

Practice of integrating all students, including those with special needs, in regular classrooms.

Question 8

Formative Assessment

Accepted Answer

Type of assessment used to monitor student learning and provide ongoing feedback.

Question 9

Summative Assessment

Accepted Answer

Type of assessment used to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit.

Question 10

Self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

Belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

Question 11

Metacognition

Accepted Answer

Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes.

Question 12

Schema Theory

Accepted Answer

Mental frameworks that humans use to organize and understand information.

Question 13

Operant Conditioning

Accepted Answer

Learning process through which behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences.

Question 14

Social Cognitive Theory

Accepted Answer

Learning theory that emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others.

Question 15

Extrinsic Motivation

Accepted Answer

Motivation that comes from outside rewards, such as grades or praise.

Question 16

Intrinsic Motivation

Accepted Answer

Motivation that comes from the joy of doing a task or the interest in the topic itself.

Question 17

Self-determination Theory

Accepted Answer

Theory of motivation that emphasizes the importance of humans' evolved inner resources for personality development and self-motivation.

Question 18

Authentic Assessment

Accepted Answer

Assessment procedures that test skills and abilities as they would be applied in real-life situations.

Question 19

Learning Styles

Accepted Answer

Theories about the different ways people learn, such as auditory, visual, or kinesthetic.

Question 20

Inquiry-based Learning

Accepted Answer

Approach to teaching and learning that places students' questions, ideas and observations at the center of the learning experience.

Question 21

Classical Conditioning

Accepted Answer

Learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.

Question 22

Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

Accepted Answer

Eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood.

Question 23

Pedagogy

Accepted Answer

The art or science of teaching; instructional methods.

Question 24

Multiple Intelligences Theory

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner's theory that proposes humans have different types of intelligence that can work independently or together.

Question 25

Critical Thinking

Accepted Answer

The objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment.

Question 26

Scaffolding

Accepted Answer

A variety of instructional techniques used to move students progressively toward stronger understanding and, ultimately, greater independence in the learning process.

Question 27

Cooperative Learning

Accepted Answer

Instructional method in which students work together in small groups to achieve a common goal.

Question 28

IEP (Individualized Education Plan)

Accepted Answer

A document developed for each public school child who is eligible for special education.

Question 29

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

Accepted Answer

A comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence, primarily known as a developmental stage theory.

Question 30

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

Accepted Answer

A set of principles for curriculum development that give all individuals equal opportunities to learn.

Question 31

Cognitive Load Theory

Accepted Answer

Theory that suggests that learning happens best under conditions that align with human cognitive architecture.

Question 32

Situated Learning Theory

Accepted Answer

Idea that learning is most effective when it is in context.

Question 33

Problem-based Learning

Accepted Answer

A student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject through the experience of solving an open-ended problem.

Question 34

Response to Intervention (RTI)

Accepted Answer

A multi-tier approach to the early identification and support of students with learning and behavior needs.

Question 35

Direct Instruction

Accepted Answer

A teaching model that emphasizes well-developed and carefully planned lessons designed around small learning increments and clearly defined and prescribed teaching tasks.

Question 36

Reflective Practice

Accepted Answer

The ability to reflect on one's actions to engage in a process of continuous learning.

Question 37

504 Plan

Accepted Answer

A plan developed to ensure that a child who has a disability identified under the law and is attending an elementary or secondary educational institution receives accommodations that will ensure their academic success.

Question 38

Emotional Intelligence

Accepted Answer

The ability to understand, use, and manage your own emotions in positive ways to relieve stress, communicate effectively, empathize with others, overcome challenges and defuse conflict.

Question 39

Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS)

Accepted Answer

A proactive approach to establishing the behavioral supports and social culture needed for all students in a school to achieve social, emotional and academic success.

Question 40

Backward Design

Accepted Answer

Approach to designing curriculum by setting goals before choosing instructional methods and forms of assessment.

Question 41

Project-based Learning (PBL)

Accepted Answer

A dynamic approach to teaching in which students explore real-world problems and challenges, simultaneously developing cross-curriculum skills while working in small collaborative groups.

Question 42

Self-regulated Learning

Accepted Answer

The self-directive process by which learners transform their mental abilities into academic skills.

Arkansas Praxis PLT: Advanced Concepts