Question 1

Phoneme

Accepted Answer

The smallest unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another in a particular language.

Question 2

Morpheme

Accepted Answer

The smallest grammatical unit in a language that carries meaning.

Question 3

Syntax

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Question 4

Semantics

Accepted Answer

The aspect of language function that relates to understanding the meanings of words, phrases, and sentences.

Question 5

Pragmatics

Accepted Answer

The aspect of language that deals with language in use and the contexts in which it is used.

Question 6

Allophone

Accepted Answer

Variant form of a phoneme.

Question 7

Grapheme

Accepted Answer

The smallest unit of a writing system of any given language.

Question 8

Alphabetic Principle

Accepted Answer

Understanding that there are systematic and predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds.

Question 9

Onset and Rime

Accepted Answer

The initial phonological unit of any word (onset) and the string of letters that follow (rime).

Question 10

Phonemic Awareness

Accepted Answer

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds-phonemes--in spoken words.

Question 11

Phonological Awareness

Accepted Answer

A broad skill that includes identifying and manipulating units of oral language.

Question 12

Digraph

Accepted Answer

Two letters that make one sound.

Question 13

Blends

Accepted Answer

Two or more consonants that are blended together but each sound may be heard in the blend.

Question 14

Diphthong

Accepted Answer

A sound made by combining two vowels, specifically when it starts as one vowel sound and goes to another.

Question 15

Affix

Accepted Answer

A morpheme that is added at the end of a word to form a derivative.

Question 16

Prefix

Accepted Answer

An affix placed before a word, base, or another prefix to modify a term's meaning.

Question 17

Suffix

Accepted Answer

An affix that is added at the end of the word.

Question 18

Root Word

Accepted Answer

The most basic part of a word.

Question 19

Homophone

Accepted Answer

Words that sound the same but have different meanings.

Question 20

Homonym

Accepted Answer

Words that are spelled and pronounced the same but have different meanings.

Question 21

Homograph

Accepted Answer

Words that are spelled the same but have different meanings.

Question 22

Context Clues

Accepted Answer

Hints that an author gives to help define a difficult or unusual word within a book.

Question 23

Inference

Accepted Answer

A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.

Question 24

Main Idea

Accepted Answer

The most important or central thought of a paragraph or larger section of text, which tells the reader what the text is about.

Question 25

Theme

Accepted Answer

The central topic a text treats.

Question 26

Plot

Accepted Answer

The sequence of events inside a story which affect other events through the principle of cause and effect.

Question 27

Setting

Accepted Answer

The time and geographic location within a narrative or within a work of fiction.

Question 28

Point of View

Accepted Answer

The perspective from which a story is narrated.

Question 29

Protagonist

Accepted Answer

The main character in a narrative or drama.

Question 30

Antagonist

Accepted Answer

A character or force against which the protagonist fights.

Question 31

Simile

Accepted Answer

A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind.

Question 32

Metaphor

Accepted Answer

A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.

Question 33

Hyperbole

Accepted Answer

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

Question 34

Alliteration

Accepted Answer

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

Question 35

Assonance

Accepted Answer

The repetition of the sound of a vowel in non-rhyming stressed syllables.

Question 36

Consonance

Accepted Answer

Repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase.

Question 37

Onomatopoeia

Accepted Answer

The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named.

Question 38

Personification

Accepted Answer

The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman.

Question 39

Irony

Accepted Answer

A state of affairs or an event that seems deliberately contrary to what one expects.

Question 40

Foreshadowing

Accepted Answer

A literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story.

Question 41

Flashback

Accepted Answer

Interruptions that writers do to insert past events, in order to provide background or context to the current events of a narrative.

Question 42

Imagery

Accepted Answer

Visually descriptive or figurative language in a literary work.

Question 43

Symbolism

Accepted Answer

The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

Question 44

Mood

Accepted Answer

A literary element that evokes certain feelings in readers through words and descriptions.

Question 45

Tone

Accepted Answer

The general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.

Question 46

Voice

Accepted Answer

A writer's unique use of language that allows a reader to "hear" a human personality in the writer's work.

Question 47

First-Person Perspective

Accepted Answer

The grammatical category of forms that designate a speaker referring to himself or herself.

Question 48

Third-Person Perspective

Accepted Answer

The grammatical category of forms that designate someone other than the speaker.

Question 49

Exposition

Accepted Answer

A comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory.

Question 50

Climax

Accepted Answer

The most intense, exciting, or important point of a story.

Question 51

Resolution

Accepted Answer

The part of the story's plot where the main problem is resolved or worked out.

Question 52

Rising Action

Accepted Answer

A series of relevant incidents that create suspense, interest, and tension in a narrative.

Question 53

Falling Action

Accepted Answer

The part of a literary plot that occurs after the climax has been reached and the conflict has been resolved.

Question 54

Narrative Structure

Accepted Answer

A textual organization based on sequences of connected events, usually presented in a straightforward, chronological framework.

Question 55

Genre

Accepted Answer

A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

Question 56

Fiction

Accepted Answer

Literature in the form of prose, especially short stories and novels, that describes imaginary events and people.

Question 57

Non-Fiction

Accepted Answer

Prose writing that is based on facts, real events, and real people, such as biography or history.

Question 58

Biography

Accepted Answer

An account of someone's life written by someone else.

Question 59

Autobiography

Accepted Answer

An account of a person's life written by that person.

Question 60

Poetry

Accepted Answer

A type of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.

Question 61

Prose

Accepted Answer

A form of language that has no formal metrical structure.

Question 62

Drama

Accepted Answer

A genre or style of literature that is intended for performance.

Question 63

Comprehension Strategy

Accepted Answer

Techniques to help understand or make sense of a text.

Question 64

Inference Strategy

Accepted Answer

The process of drawing a conclusion based on evidence and reasoning.

Arkansas Foundations of Reading - Comprehensive Review