Question 1

Watershed

Accepted Answer

An area of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas.

Question 2

Photosynthesis

Accepted Answer

Process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll pigments.

Question 3

Pythagorean Theorem

Accepted Answer

The square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

Question 4

Quadratic Formula

Accepted Answer

x = [-b ± sqrt(b²-4ac)] / 2a. Used to solve quadratic equations.

Question 5

Mitosis

Accepted Answer

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.

Question 6

Meiosis

Accepted Answer

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Question 7

Chemical Equation

Accepted Answer

Represents a chemical reaction; reactants on the left, products on the right.

Question 8

Plate Tectonics

Accepted Answer

The theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle.

Question 9

Kinetic Energy

Accepted Answer

Energy that a body possesses by virtue of being in motion.

Question 10

Potential Energy

Accepted Answer

The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors.

Question 11

Civil War (US)

Accepted Answer

War fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy.

Question 12

Industrial Revolution

Accepted Answer

The transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the US, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Question 13

Cold War

Accepted Answer

A state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies).

Question 14

Polynomials

Accepted Answer

An expression of more than two algebraic terms, especially the sum of several terms that contain different powers of the same variable(s).

Question 15

Trigonometry

Accepted Answer

The branch of mathematics dealing with the relations of the sides and angles of triangles and with the relevant functions of any angles.

Question 16

Coriolis Effect

Accepted Answer

An effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation.

Question 17

Declaration of Independence

Accepted Answer

The statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states.

Question 18

U.S. Constitution

Accepted Answer

The supreme law of the United States, originally comprising seven articles, delineating the national frame of government.

Question 19

Bill of Rights

Accepted Answer

The collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

Question 20

Federalism

Accepted Answer

A system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government.

Question 21

Checks and Balances

Accepted Answer

System in which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power.

Question 22

Exponential Functions

Accepted Answer

Functions of the form f(x) = b^x where b > 0 and b ≠ 1.

Question 23

Rational Numbers

Accepted Answer

Any number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction p/q of two integers.

Question 24

Irrational Numbers

Accepted Answer

Any real number that cannot be expressed as a ratio of integers.

Question 25

Biodiversity

Accepted Answer

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Question 26

Biomes

Accepted Answer

A large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat.

Question 27

Biogeochemical Cycle

Accepted Answer

Pathway by which a chemical substance moves through both the biotic and abiotic components of Earth.

Question 28

Homeostasis

Accepted Answer

The state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

Question 29

Cellular Respiration

Accepted Answer

The set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 30

Punnett Square

Accepted Answer

A square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment.

Question 31

Symbiosis

Accepted Answer

Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.

Question 32

Organic Compounds

Accepted Answer

Any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon.

Question 33

Inorganic Compounds

Accepted Answer

Compounds which do not contain carbon and are not derived from living matter.

Question 34

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

Accepted Answer

Type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

Question 35

Constitutional Amendments

Accepted Answer

Modifications to the U.S. Constitution either by altering one or more of its existing provisions or by adding new ones.

Question 36

Civil Rights Movement

Accepted Answer

Struggle for justice and equality for African Americans that took place mainly in the 1950s and 1960s.

Question 37

World War I

Accepted Answer

A global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

Question 38

World War II

Accepted Answer

A global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, involving many of the world's nations in two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis.

Question 39

Logarithmic Functions

Accepted Answer

The inverse function to exponentiation, such that if y = b^x, then x = log_b y.

Question 40

Integral Calculus

Accepted Answer

Branch of calculus that studies areas under curves, and computations involving "the whole" of functions.

Question 41

Differential Calculus

Accepted Answer

Concerns rates of change and slopes of curves.

Question 42

Atomic Structure

Accepted Answer

Composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus. The nucleus is made up of one or more protons and typically a similar number of neutrons.

Question 43

Electron Configuration

Accepted Answer

Distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Question 44

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Accepted Answer

The range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.

Question 45

Newton's Laws of Motion

Accepted Answer

Three physical laws that form the foundation for classical mechanics.

Question 46

Thermodynamics

Accepted Answer

Branch of physics that deals with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.

Question 47

Evolution

Accepted Answer

Process by which different kinds of living organisms are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

Question 48

Genetics

Accepted Answer

Study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

Question 49

The Great Depression

Accepted Answer

Severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

Question 50

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Accepted Answer

Landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Question 51

The Revolutionary War

Accepted Answer

War fought from 1775-1783 and won by the 13 American colonies to achieve independence from Great Britain.

Question 52

The Cold War

Accepted Answer

Political conflict, military tension, and economic competition between the United States and its allies versus the Soviet Union and its allies from 1947 until 1991.

Question 53

Manifest Destiny

Accepted Answer

19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the U.S

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