Question 1

Pythagorean Theorem

Accepted Answer

In right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

Question 2

Quadratic Formula

Accepted Answer

x = [-b ± sqrt(b²-4ac)] / 2a

Question 3

Homophones

Accepted Answer

Words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings.

Question 4

Homographs

Accepted Answer

Words that are spelled the same but have different meanings.

Question 5

Photosynthesis

Accepted Answer

The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 6

Cellular Respiration

Accepted Answer

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Question 7

Ecosystem

Accepted Answer

A community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment.

Question 8

Kinetic Energy

Accepted Answer

The energy of an object due to its motion.

Question 9

Potential Energy

Accepted Answer

The stored energy of an object due to its position or state.

Question 10

Absolute Value

Accepted Answer

The distance of a number from zero on a number line.

Question 11

Metaphor

Accepted Answer

A figure of speech that directly compares one thing to another.

Question 12

Simile

Accepted Answer

A figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things.

Question 13

Onomatopoeia

Accepted Answer

The process of creating a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound it describes.

Question 14

Personification

Accepted Answer

A form of figurative language where non-human objects are given human characteristics.

Question 15

Passive Voice

Accepted Answer

The subject is acted upon by the verb.

Question 16

Active Voice

Accepted Answer

The subject performs the action denoted by the verb.

Question 17

Atomic Number

Accepted Answer

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Question 18

Atomic Mass

Accepted Answer

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Question 19

Ionic Bond

Accepted Answer

A type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions.

Question 20

Covalent Bond

Accepted Answer

A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 21

Probability

Accepted Answer

The measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

Question 22

Hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Question 23

Independent Variable

Accepted Answer

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment to observe the effect on the dependent variable.

Question 24

Dependent Variable

Accepted Answer

The variable that is observed and measured in an experiment for changes due to the independent variable.

Question 25

Complementary Angles

Accepted Answer

Two angles whose measures add up to 90 degrees.

Question 26

Supplementary Angles

Accepted Answer

Two angles whose measures add up to 180 degrees.

Question 27

Symbiosis

Accepted Answer

A close, long-term interaction between two different biological species.

Question 28

Predation

Accepted Answer

An interaction where a predator species kills and eats a prey species.

Question 29

Mutualism

Accepted Answer

A type of symbiotic relationship where both species benefit.

Question 30

Commensalism

Accepted Answer

A type of symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and the other is unaffected.

Question 31

Parasitism

Accepted Answer

A type of symbiotic relationship where one species benefits (the parasite) and the other (the host) is harmed.

Question 32

Prokaryote

Accepted Answer

A unicellular organism lacking a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.

Question 33

Eukaryote

Accepted Answer

An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.

Question 34

Geometric Sequence

Accepted Answer

A sequence of numbers where each term after the first is found by multiplying the previous term by a fixed, non-zero number.

Question 35

Arithmetic Sequence

Accepted Answer

A sequence of numbers in which the difference of any two successive members is a constant.

Question 36

Plate Tectonics

Accepted Answer

The theory explaining the earth's crust is divided into several large solid plates that move over the earth's mantle.

Question 37

Sedimentary Rock

Accepted Answer

Formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of mineral or organic particles on the floor of oceans or other bodies of water.

Question 38

Igneous Rock

Accepted Answer

Formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

Question 39

Metamorphic Rock

Accepted Answer

Formed by subjecting any rock type to different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed.

Question 40

Prime Numbers

Accepted Answer

A natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself.

Question 41

Compound Interest

Accepted Answer

The addition of interest to the principal sum of a loan or deposit, or in other words, interest on interest.

Question 42

Photosphere

Accepted Answer

The visible surface of the Sun that we are most familiar with.

Question 43

Chromosphere

Accepted Answer

The second of the three main layers in the Sun's atmosphere and is above the Photosphere and beneath the Solar Transition Region.

Question 44

Coriolis Effect

Accepted Answer

An effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation.

Question 45

Renewable Energy

Accepted Answer

Energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale.

Question 46

Nonrenewable Energy

Accepted Answer

Energy that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human timeframes.

Question 47

Fossil Fuels

Accepted Answer

Natural fuels such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.

Question 48

Climate Change

Accepted Answer

A change in global or regional climate patterns, attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.

Question 49

Greenhouse Effect

Accepted Answer

The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.

Question 50

Invasive Species

Accepted Answer

A species that is not native to a specific location, and that has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health.

Question 51

Evolution

Accepted Answer

A process that results in heritable changes in a population spread over many generations.

Question 52

Natural Selection

Accepted Answer

The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Question 53

Genetic Drift

Accepted Answer

Variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce.

Question 54

Binomial Theorem

Accepted Answer

A formula for expressing the powers of sums. For any real numbers a and b and nonnegative integer n, (a + b)^n = Σ (n choose k) * a^(n-k) * b^k, the sum from k=0 to n.

Question 55

Imaginary Numbers

Accepted Answer

A complex number that can be written as a real number multiplied by the imaginary unit i, which is defined by its property i squared equals -1.

Question 56

Rational Numbers

Accepted Answer

A number that can be expressed as a fraction with an integer numerator and a non-zero integer denominator.

Advanced ISAT Study Flashcards: Idaho Standards Achievement Test Prep