Question 1

Line symmetry

Accepted Answer

A geometric shape or figure exhibits line symmetry if it can be divided into two equal and identical parts by a line, referred to as the axis of symmetry.

Question 2

Rational number

Accepted Answer

A number that can be expressed as a fraction, where both the numerator and the denominator are integers.

Question 3

Parallelogram

Accepted Answer

A quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel.

Question 4

Pythagorean Theorem

Accepted Answer

A mathematical relationship in right-angled triangles: the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

Question 5

Independent variable

Accepted Answer

In an experiment or equation, it is the variable that is manipulated or changed to observe the effect on the dependent variable.

Question 6

Dependent variable

Accepted Answer

In an experiment or equation, it is the variable that is measured to see how it is affected by changes in the independent variable.

Question 7

Chemical reaction

Accepted Answer

A process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances into another.

Question 8

Potential energy

Accepted Answer

The energy that a body possesses due to its position in a force field, such as gravity.

Question 9

Kinetic energy

Accepted Answer

The energy of an object due to its motion.

Question 10

Endothermic reaction

Accepted Answer

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings.

Question 11

Exothermic reaction

Accepted Answer

A chemical reaction that releases heat into its surroundings.

Question 12

Density

Accepted Answer

The mass per unit volume of a substance.

Question 13

Photosynthesis

Accepted Answer

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 14

Cellular respiration

Accepted Answer

The process by which cells in plants and animals break down sugar and turn it into energy.

Question 15

Punnett square

Accepted Answer

A graphical representation used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.

Question 16

Plate tectonics

Accepted Answer

A theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena.

Question 17

Watershed

Accepted Answer

The area of land where all of the water that is under it or drains off of it goes into the same place.

Question 18

Ecosystem

Accepted Answer

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Question 19

Producer

Accepted Answer

An organism, either a green plant or bacterium, which is part of the first level of a food chain.

Question 20

Consumer

Accepted Answer

An organism that feeds on plants or other animals for energy.

Question 21

Food web

Accepted Answer

A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.

Question 22

Biodiversity

Accepted Answer

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Question 23

Biome

Accepted Answer

A large community of plants and animals that occupies a distinct region.

Question 24

Primary source

Accepted Answer

A document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study.

Question 25

Secondary source

Accepted Answer

A document or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere.

Question 26

Historical context

Accepted Answer

The social, religious, economic, and political conditions that existed during a certain time and place.

Question 27

Federalism

Accepted Answer

The system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.

Question 28

Checks and Balances

Accepted Answer

The system in which each branch of government has the ability to limit the power of the other branches to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.

Question 29

Supply and demand

Accepted Answer

An economic model of price determination in a market; it postulates that in a competitive market, the unit price for a particular good will vary until it settles at a point where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.

Question 30

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Accepted Answer

The total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.

Question 31

Opportunity cost

Accepted Answer

The loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen.

Question 32

Inflation

Accepted Answer

The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and subsequently, purchasing power is falling.

Question 33

Comparative advantage

Accepted Answer

An economic law referring to the ability of any given economic actor to produce goods and services at a lower opportunity cost than other economic actors.

Question 34

Acid

Accepted Answer

A molecule or other entity that can donate a proton or accept an electron pair in reactions.

Question 35

Base

Accepted Answer

A molecule or other entity that can accept a proton or donate an electron pair in reactions.

Question 36

pH scale

Accepted Answer

A logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

Question 37

Endangered species

Accepted Answer

A species of organism that is threatened with extinction.

Question 38

Fossil fuel

Accepted Answer

A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.

Question 39

Greenhouse effect

Accepted Answer

The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.

Question 40

Hydrologic cycle

Accepted Answer

The sequence of conditions through which water passes from vapor in the atmosphere through precipitation upon land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere as a result of evaporation and transpiration.

Question 41

Preamble

Accepted Answer

The introductory part of a statute or deed, stating its purpose, aims, and justification.

Question 42

Bill of Rights

Accepted Answer

The first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791, outlining the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals.

Question 43

Proportional representation

Accepted Answer

An electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.

Question 44

Sonnet

Accepted Answer

A 14-line poem with a variable rhyme scheme originating in Italy and brought to England by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey in the 16th century.

Question 45

Metaphor

Accepted Answer

A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.

Question 46

Onomatopoeia

Accepted Answer

The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named (e.g., cuckoo, sizzle).

Question 47

Simile

Accepted Answer

A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g., as brave as a lion, crazy like a fox).

Question 48

Internal rhyme

Accepted Answer

A rhyme involving a word in the middle of a line and another at the end of the line or in the middle of the next.

Question 49

Free verse

Accepted Answer

Poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter.

Advanced Concepts: PARCC & NM-MSSA Review Flashcards