Question 1

Zone of Proximal Development

Accepted Answer

This is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with guidance.

Question 2

Formative Assessment

Accepted Answer

This is an evaluative approach that is used to monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback.

Question 3

Summative Assessment

Accepted Answer

This is an evaluation of student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against standards or benchmarks.

Question 4

Differentiated Instruction

Accepted Answer

This is an approach to teaching that adapts the content, teaching process, and product to accommodate individual learning differences.

Question 5

Bloom's Taxonomy

Accepted Answer

A classification system used to define and distinguish different levels of human cognition—i.e., thinking, learning, and understanding.

Question 6

Cognitive Load

Accepted Answer

This is the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory.

Question 7

Metacognition

Accepted Answer

This is the awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes.

Question 8

Scaffolding

Accepted Answer

This is a process where teachers model or demonstrate how to solve a problem, then step back, offering support as needed.

Question 9

Learning Styles

Accepted Answer

This refers to the preferred way an individual processes information.

Question 10

Intrinsic Motivation

Accepted Answer

This is motivation that comes from within the individual.

Question 11

Extrinsic Motivation

Accepted Answer

This is motivation that comes from outside rewards.

Question 12

Social Constructivism

Accepted Answer

This is a theory that emphasizes the collaborative nature of learning and the importance of cultural and social context.

Question 13

Problem-Based Learning

Accepted Answer

This is a student-centered pedagogy where students learn about a subject by solving complex and authentic problems.

Question 14

Interdisciplinary Learning

Accepted Answer

This is an approach that integrates knowledge and skills from multiple disciplines.

Question 15

Backward Design

Accepted Answer

This is a method of designing educational curriculum by setting goals before choosing instructional methods and forms of assessment.

Question 16

Authentic Assessment

Accepted Answer

This involves evaluation of students' abilities in 'real-world' contexts.

Question 17

Inquiry-Based Learning

Accepted Answer

This is an active learning method where students pose questions, problems or scenarios.

Question 18

Flipped Classroom

Accepted Answer

A teaching strategy that involves reversing traditional learning structures by delivering instructional content outside of the classroom.

Question 19

Self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

This is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations.

Question 20

Positive Classroom Environment

Accepted Answer

This involves creating a supportive and cooperative classroom atmosphere that fosters emotional well-being and academic success.

Question 21

Multimodal Learning

Accepted Answer

This involves learning through different modes or methods such as visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic.

Question 22

Universal Design for Learning

Accepted Answer

This is an educational framework based on research in the learning sciences that guides the development of flexible learning environments.

Question 23

Rubric

Accepted Answer

This is a set of criteria used for assessing a student's performance on a variety of tasks.

Question 24

Cooperative Learning

Accepted Answer

This is a teaching method where students work together in small groups to complete a task.

Question 25

Performance-based Assessment

Accepted Answer

This type of assessment requires students to perform a task rather than select an answer from a ready-made list.

Question 26

Content Knowledge

Accepted Answer

This refers to a teacher's understanding of the subject matter they are teaching.

Question 27

Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Accepted Answer

This refers to the blending of content and pedagogy into an understanding of how topics, problems, and issues are organized, represented, and adapted to diverse learners.

Question 28

Hidden Curriculum

Accepted Answer

This refers to the unspoken or implicit academic, social, and cultural messages that are communicated to students while they are in school.

Question 29

Culturally Responsive Teaching

Accepted Answer

This is a pedagogy that recognizes the importance of including students' cultural references in all aspects of learning.

Question 30

Executive Functions

Accepted Answer

These are cognitive processes that are necessary for the cognitive control of behavior, such as attention, working memory, problem-solving, and planning.

Question 31

Direct Instruction

Accepted Answer

A teaching method that uses explicit teaching techniques to teach a specific skill.

Question 32

Discovery Learning

Accepted Answer

A method of inquiry-based instruction where students are free to work using their prior knowledge and experience to understand a concept.

Question 33

Mastery Learning

Accepted Answer

A teaching method where students must achieve a level of mastery in prerequisite knowledge before moving forward to learn subsequent information.

Question 34

Teacher Efficacy

Accepted Answer

A teacher's belief in their ability to promote student learning and achievement.

Question 35

Reflective Practice

Accepted Answer

The capacity to reflect on one's actions so as to engage in a process of continuous learning.

Question 36

Growth Mindset

Accepted Answer

The understanding that abilities and intelligence can be developed.

Question 37

Fixed Mindset

Accepted Answer

The belief that abilities and intelligence are static and unchangeable.

Question 38

Multiple Intelligences

Accepted Answer

A theory that proposes a plurality of intelligences, rather than one singular form of intelligence.

Question 39

Peer Assessment

Accepted Answer

A process where students or their peers grade assignments or tests based on a teacher's benchmarks.

Question 40

Learning Objective

Accepted Answer

A statement that describes what students will be able to do upon completion of a course or lesson.

Question 41

Student-Centered Learning

Accepted Answer

An approach to education focusing on the needs of the students, rather than those of others involved in the educational process, such as teachers and administrators.

Question 42

Project-Based Learning

Accepted Answer

A teaching method that engages students with real-world problems and challenges.

Question 43

Constructive Feedback

Accepted Answer

Providing beneficial guidance that includes both positive reinforcement and corrective suggestions for future improvement.

Question 44

Accommodation (Education)

Accepted Answer

Modifications made in the way tasks are presented that allow children with learning disabilities to complete the same assignments as other students.

Question 45

Response to Intervention (RTI)

Accepted Answer

An approach to academic intervention used in the United States to provide early, systematic, and appropriately intensive assistance to children who are at risk for or already underperforming.

Question 46

Learning Community

Accepted Answer

A group of people who share common academic goals and attitudes, and collaborate on a regular basis to learn from each other.

Question 47

Student Agency

Accepted Answer

The level of control, autonomy, and power that a student experiences in an educational situation.

Question 48

Emotional Intelligence

Accepted Answer

The capacity to be aware of, control, and express one's emotions, and to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically.

Question 49

Andragogy

Accepted Answer

The method and practice of teaching adult learners.

Question 50

Heutagogy

Accepted Answer

A form of self-determined learning with practices and principles rooted in andragogy.

Question 51

Self-Regulated Learning

Accepted Answer

A process that assists students in managing their thoughts, behaviors, and emotions to successfully navigate their learning experiences.

Question 52

Neuroplasticity

Accepted Answer

The ability of the brain to form and reorganize synaptic connections, especially in response to learning or experience or following injury.

Advanced Concepts in the West Virginia Principles of Learning and Teaching