Question 1

Bloom's Taxonomy

Accepted Answer

Refers to a classification system used to define and distinguish different levels of human cognition.

Question 2

Constructivist Theory

Accepted Answer

A theory that proposes learners construct knowledge for themselves, with the teacher's role being to facilitate learning.

Question 3

Differentiated Instruction

Accepted Answer

A teaching approach where instructional techniques are varied to cater to the individual learning needs of students.

Question 4

Zone of Proximal Development

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's theory that refers to the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help.

Question 5

Formative Assessment

Accepted Answer

Assessments used to monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback.

Question 6

Summative Assessment

Accepted Answer

Evaluations conducted at the end of an instructional period to measure student learning.

Question 7

IEP

Accepted Answer

Individualized Education Program; a written document that's developed for each public school child who is eligible for special education.

Question 8

504 Plan

Accepted Answer

A plan developed to ensure that a child who has a disability receives accommodations that will ensure academic success and access to the learning environment.

Question 9

ELL

Accepted Answer

English Language Learners; students who are in the process of acquiring the English language while still learning academic content.

Question 10

RTI

Accepted Answer

Response to Intervention; a multi-tier approach to the early identification and support of students with learning and behavior needs.

Question 11

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Accepted Answer

A motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs.

Question 12

IDEA

Accepted Answer

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; a law ensuring services to children with disabilities throughout the nation.

Question 13

Scaffolding

Accepted Answer

A process that involves supporting the learner when they are introduced to new knowledge and then gradually removing that support as competence is gained.

Question 14

Intrinsic Motivation

Accepted Answer

When people engage in an activity without external rewards.

Question 15

Extrinsic Motivation

Accepted Answer

When motivation to engage in an activity is sourced externally.

Question 16

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

Accepted Answer

Theory used to explain the cognitive development of children in 4 stages: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational.

Question 17

Metacognition

Accepted Answer

Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes.

Question 18

Fluid Intelligence

Accepted Answer

The ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns.

Question 19

Crystallized Intelligence

Accepted Answer

The ability to use learned knowledge and experience.

Question 20

Decoding

Accepted Answer

The process of interpreting words by associating sounds with symbols in an alphabetic writing system.

Question 21

Phonemic Awareness

Accepted Answer

The understanding that words are made up of a combination of individual sounds.

Question 22

Comprehension Strategies

Accepted Answer

Techniques to help understand or make sense of a text.

Question 23

Inquiry-based Learning

Accepted Answer

An educational strategy in which students follow methods and practices similar to those of professional scientists in order to construct knowledge.

Question 24

Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

Accepted Answer

Theory that suggests there are at least eight different types of intelligence: Linguistic, Logical-mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and Naturalistic.

Question 25

Common Core State Standards (CCSS)

Accepted Answer

A set of high-quality academic standards in mathematics and English language arts/literacy (ELA).

Question 26

Phonics

Accepted Answer

Method employed to teach reading and writing of the English language by developing learners' phonemic awareness.

Question 27

Project-based Learning

Accepted Answer

A dynamic classroom approach in which students actively explore real-world problems and challenges and acquire a deeper knowledge.

Question 28

Authentic Assessment

Accepted Answer

A form of assessment in which students demonstrate their understanding of a subject through meaningful, real-world tasks.

Question 29

Cooperative Learning

Accepted Answer

A teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject.

Question 30

Flipped Classroom

Accepted Answer

A pedagogical model in which the typical lecture and homework elements of a course are reversed.

Question 31

Problem-based Learning

Accepted Answer

A student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject through the experience of solving an open-ended problem.

Question 32

Self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

Belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

Question 33

Cognitive Load Theory

Accepted Answer

A theory that suggests that learning happens best under conditions that align with human cognitive architecture.

Question 34

Direct Instruction

Accepted Answer

A teaching model that emphasizes well-developed and carefully planned lessons designed around small learning increments.

Question 35

Learning Styles

Accepted Answer

Theories that suggest people have different 'styles' of learning.

Question 36

Behaviorism

Accepted Answer

A theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.

Question 37

Cognitivism

Accepted Answer

A learning theory that focuses on the processes involved in learning rather than on the observed behavior.

Question 38

Social Learning Theory

Accepted Answer

A theory of learning that says people can learn through observation.

Question 39

Academic Content Standards

Accepted Answer

Statements of what students should know and be able to do in a particular subject area by a certain grade level.

Question 40

Content Validity

Accepted Answer

The extent to which a test measures the behavior that is of interest.

Question 41

NCLB

Accepted Answer

No Child Left Behind; U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students.

Question 42

ESSA

Accepted Answer

Every Student Succeeds Act; replaced NCLB, shifted more authority to states to determine school accountability and improvement.

Question 43

High-stakes Testing

Accepted Answer

Standardized tests whose results have important consequences for students, teachers, schools, and districts.

Question 44

Alternative Assessment

Accepted Answer

Non-traditional methods of assessing student understanding and skills, such as portfolios, performances, and projects.

Question 45

Backward Design

Accepted Answer

A method of designing educational curriculum by setting goals before choosing instructional methods and assessment.

Question 46

Standardized Testing

Accepted Answer

A type of test that is administered and scored in a consistent manner to ensure legal defensibility.

Question 47

DIBELS

Accepted Answer

Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills; a set of procedures and measures for assessing the acquisition of early literacy skills.

Question 48

Lexile Measures

Accepted Answer

A scientific approach to measuring both the reading ability of an individual and the text complexity of materials he or she encounters.

Question 49

Phonological Awareness

Accepted Answer

The ability to recognize and work with sounds in spoken language.

Question 50

Schema Theory

Accepted Answer

The idea that all knowledge is organized into units.

Question 51

Self-regulated Learning

Accepted Answer

The self-directive process through which learners transform their mental abilities into academic skills.

Question 52

NAEYC

Accepted Answer

National Association for the Education of Young Children; a large nonprofit association in the US representing early childhood education teachers, para-educators, center directors, trainers, etc.

Question 53

Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory

Accepted Answer

A theory of motivation which posits that humans continually and actively seek challenges and new experiences to develop and master.

Question 54

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

Accepted Answer

A framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all people based on scientific insights into how humans learn.

Question 55

Dysgraphia

Accepted Answer

A learning disability that affects writing, which requires a complex set of motor and information processing skills.

Question 56

Dyslexia

Accepted Answer

A learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words.

Question 57

Dyscalculia

Accepted Answer

A specific learning disability that affects a person’s ability to understand numbers and learn math facts.

Question 58

Multiple Representations

Accepted Answer

The use of different symbolic forms to represent and communicate mathematical ideas.

Question 59

Depth of Knowledge (DOK)

Accepted Answer

A framework used to categorize tasks according to the complexity of thinking required to successfully complete them.

Question 60

Essential Questions

Accepted Answer

Questions that are not answerable with finality in a brief sentence – their aim is to stimulate thought, to provoke inquiry, and to spark more questions.

Question 61

Interdisciplinary Instruction

Accepted Answer

A method, or set of methods, used to teach a unit across different curricular disciplines.

Question 62

Multicultural Education

Accepted Answer

A progressive approach for transforming education based on educational equality and social justice.

Question 63

Praxis Series Tests

Accepted Answer

Standardized tests for individuals entering the teaching profession as part of the certification process required by many states and professional licensing organizations.

Question 64

Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

Accepted Answer

An eight-stage theory of identity and psychosocial development articulated by Erik H. Erikson.

Advanced Concepts for the Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE)