Question 1

Jerome Bruner's Modes of Representation

Accepted Answer

Enactive (0-1 years), Iconic (1-6 years), Symbolic (7+ years).

Question 2

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development

Accepted Answer

Gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with help.

Question 3

Formative Assessment

Accepted Answer

Assessments used during learning to improve instruction.

Question 4

Summative Assessment

Accepted Answer

Assessments used to evaluate student learning at the end of a unit.

Question 5

Bloom's Taxonomy

Accepted Answer

Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, Creating.

Question 6

Metacognition

Accepted Answer

Awareness of one's own learning process and strategies to improve it.

Question 7

Multiple Intelligences Theory

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner's theory that intelligence can be divided into eight modalities.

Question 8

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, Formal operational.

Question 9

Assimilation and Accommodation

Accepted Answer

Piaget's mechanisms of change in cognitive development.

Question 10

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic is self-motivation; extrinsic comes from external rewards or punishments.

Question 11

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

Accepted Answer

Framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all.

Question 12

Differentiated Instruction

Accepted Answer

Tailoring instruction to meet individual needs.

Question 13

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Accepted Answer

Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization.

Question 14

Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

Accepted Answer

Eight stages from infancy to adulthood.

Question 15

Phonemes

Accepted Answer

Smallest unit of sound in a language.

Question 16

Morphemes

Accepted Answer

Smallest meaningful units of language.

Question 17

Syntax and Semantics

Accepted Answer

Syntax is structure of sentences; Semantics is meaning of words and sentences.

Question 18

BICS and CALP

Accepted Answer

Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency.

Question 19

First and Second Language Acquisition Theories

Accepted Answer

Various theories on how languages are learned.

Question 20

English Language Learner (ELL) Strategies

Accepted Answer

Techniques to assist English learners.

Question 21

IDEA

Accepted Answer

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

Question 22

IEP and 504

Accepted Answer

Individualized Education Program and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.

Question 23

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

Accepted Answer

Setting that provides the most possible time with non-disabled students.

Question 24

RTI and PBIS

Accepted Answer

Response to Intervention and Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports.

Question 25

Inclusion and Mainstreaming

Accepted Answer

Inclusion is full-time general education; Mainstreaming is part-time.

Question 26

Constructivist Teaching Approach

Accepted Answer

Learning is an active process where learners construct new ideas based on current and past knowledge.

Question 27

Direct Instruction Model

Accepted Answer

Teacher-directed approach that follows a specific and structured procedure.

Question 28

Cooperative Learning

Accepted Answer

Students work together to accomplish shared learning goals.

Question 29

Inquiry-Based Learning

Accepted Answer

Students are active participants in their own learning, asking questions, researching, and reflecting.

Question 30

Kinesthetic Learning

Accepted Answer

Learning style that involves carrying out physical activities.

Question 31

Flipped Classroom

Accepted Answer

Students learn online at home and homework is done in class with teacher's assistance.

Question 32

High-stakes Testing

Accepted Answer

Tests with serious consequences for results (promotion, graduation, etc.).

Question 33

Standardized Testing

Accepted Answer

Tests that are administered and scored in a consistent manner.

Question 34

NCLB and ESSA

Accepted Answer

No Child Left Behind Act and Every Student Succeeds Act.

Question 35

Idaho Core Standards

Accepted Answer

State education standards for what students should know and be able to do at each grade level.

Question 36

Professional Learning Communities (PLC)

Accepted Answer

Group of educators who meet regularly to share expertise and work collaboratively to improve student outcomes.

Question 37

Authentic Assessment

Accepted Answer

Assessments that require students to apply knowledge and skills to real-world contexts.

Question 38

Differentiation Strategies

Accepted Answer

Modifying instruction to meet the diverse needs of students.

Question 39

Cultural Competence

Accepted Answer

Awareness and understanding of different cultural backgrounds to effectively teach diverse student populations.

Question 40

Content Area Literacy

Accepted Answer

The ability to use reading, writing, and thinking skills to learn and communicate in subject-specific areas.

Question 41

Education Policy

Accepted Answer

Laws, regulations, and guidelines that shape the education system.

Question 42

Classroom Management Techniques

Accepted Answer

Strategies and practices to create a positive and productive learning environment.

Advanced Concepts for Idaho Praxis Content Knowledge Tests